Cancer

Tocotrienol research reveals multi-targeted Anticancer effects— Antioxidant, Anti-proliferative, Pro-Apoptotic, Anti-Angiogenic, and Anti-Metastatic.

• Delta- and Gamma- Tocotrienols induce Apoptosis (programmed cell death of cancer cells).

• Delta- and Gamma- Tocotrienols promote Autophagy (the cellular process in which the cell removes damaged proteins and organelles preventing the accumulation of toxic substances in the cell). Literally this is  “self-eating” of damaged cellular components to be recycled). 

• Delta- and Gamma- Tocotrienols induce Cell-Cycle Arrest of Cancer Cells at the G1 phase of production and reproduction.

• Delta- and Gamma- Tocotrienols inhibits the Master Transcription Factor NF-κB/SAT3 which results in Suppression of Tumor Growth.

• Delta- and Gamma- Tocotrienols inhibit Angiogenesis - the formation of new blood vessels that feed nutrients & oxygen to the growing cancer… Delta- and Gamma- Tocotrienols essentially “starve the cancer”.

General Cancer

• Journal of Integrative Medicine (2024) - Tocotrienol isoforms: The molecular mechanisms underlying their effects in cancer therapy and their implementation in clinical trials

• Phytotherapy Research (2024) - Therapeutic potential of tocotrienols as chemosensitizers in cancer therapy

• Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy (2024) - Delta-tocotrienol disrupts PD-L1 glycosylation and reverses PD-L1-mediated immune suppression

• Monash University (2023) - Anticancer activities of tocotrienols: A Systematic Scoping Review

• Food & Function (2021) - δ-Tocotrienol induces apoptosis and inhibits proliferation of nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells

• European Journal of Nutrition (2020) - Vitamin E and cancer: an update on the emerging role of γ and δ tocotrienols

• International Journal of Molecular Sciences (2019) - Molecular Mechanisms of Action of Tocotrienols in Cancer: Recent Trends and Advancements

• Nutrients (2019) - The Vitamin E Derivative Gamma Tocotrienol Promotes Anti-Tumor Effects in Acute Myeloid Leukemia Cell Lines

• Pharmacological Research (2018) - Tocotrienols: The promising analogues of vitamin E for cancer therapeutics

Breast Cancer

• Clinical Nutrition ESPEN (2023) - Chemopreventive and anti-tumor potential of vitamin E in preclinical breast cancer studies: A systematic review

• Scientific Reports (2023) - Phase II trial of delta-tocotrienol in neoadjuvant breast cancer with evaluation of treatment response using ctDNA

• Current Molecular Pharmacology (2022) - Gamma-Tocotrienol Synergistically Promotes the Anti-proliferative and Pro-apoptotic Effects of Etoposide on Breast Cancer Cell Lines

• Antioxidants (2021) - Tocotrienols as an Anti Breast Cancer Agent

• The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (2021) - γ-Tocotrienol reverses multidrug resistance of breast cancer cells through the regulation of the γ-Tocotrienol-NF-κB-P-gp axis

• Biomolecules (2019) - Advancing the Role of Gamma-Tocotrienol as Proteasomes Inhibitor: A Quantitative Proteomic Analysis of MDA-MB-231 Human Breast Cancer Cells

• Nutrition and Cancer (2019) - γ-Tocotrienol Suppression of the Warburg Effect Is Mediated by AMPK Activation in Human Breast Cancer Cells

• Nutrients (2019) - Omega 3-DHA and Delta-Tocotrienol Modulate Lipid Droplet Biogenesis and Lipophagy in Breast Cancer Cells: the Impact in Cancer Aggressiveness

• International Journal of Clinical Experimental Medicine (2015) - miR-429 mediates δ-tocotrienol-induced apoptosis in triple-negative breast cancer cells by targeting XIAP

Colon Cancer

• Acta Oncologica (2023) - Delta tocotrienol as a supplement to FOLFOXIRI in first-line treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase II study

• Nutrients (2021) - Clinically Relevant Genes and Proteins Modulated by Tocotrienols in Human Colon Cancer Cell Lines: Systematic Scoping Review

• Cancer Prevention Research (2019) - Chemoprevention of Azoxymethane-induced Colon Carcinogenesis by Delta-Tocotrienol

• Cancer Research (2016) - Vitamin E delta-tocotrienol targets human colon cancer stem cells and inhibits colon cancer metastasis and induces apoptosis

Lung Cancer

• Journal of Herbmed Pharmacology (2019) - Potentiation of in vitro apoptotic effects of δ-Tocotrienol and Jerantinine A on human lung adenocarcinoma cells

• Metabolites (2019) - Delta-Tocotrienol Modulates Glutamine Dependence by Inhibiting ASCT2 and LAT1 Transporters in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) Cells: A Metabolomic Approach

• OncoTargets & Therapy (2018) - Delta-tocotrienol inhibits non-small-cell lung cancer cell invasion via the inhibition of NF-κB, uPA activator, and MMP-9

Ovarian Cancer

• IJPRAS (2024) - A Review of the Effects of Vitamin E in Ovarian Cancer

• Cell Proliferation (2021) - δ-Tocotrienol sensitizes and re-sensitizes ovarian cancer cells to cisplatin via induction of G1 phase cell cycle arrest and ROS/MAPK-mediated apoptosis

• Clarity (2019) - The First-Ever Clinical Trial Using Tocotrienols with Ovarian Cancer Patients, Increased their Survival by Seventy Percent in Refractory Ovarian Cancer

• Pharmacological Research (2019) - Delta tocotrienol in recurrent ovarian cancer. A phase II trial

• International Journal of Molecular Science (2016) - Tocotrienol Nanoemulsion Platform of Curcumin Elicit Elevated Apoptosis and Augmentation of Anticancer Efficacy against Breast and Ovarian Carcinomas

Pancreatic Cancer

• World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology (2023) - Vitamin E in the management of pancreatic cancer: A scoping review

• Nanomedicine (2021) - Co-Encapsulation of Gemcitabine and Tocotrienols in Nanovesicles Enhanced Efficacy in Pancreatic Cancer

• Cancer Cell International (2019) - Vitamin E δ-tocotrienol sensitizes human pancreatic cancer cells to TRAIL-induced apoptosis through proteasome-mediated down-regulation of c-FLIPs

• BMC Cancer (2018) - γ-Tocotrienol induces apoptosis in pancreatic cancer cells by upregulation of ceramide synthesis and modulation of sphingolipid transport

• Oncotarget (2017) - δ-Tocotrienol, a natural form of vitamin E, inhibits pancreatic cancer stem-like cells and prevents pancreatic cancer metastasis

Prostate Cancer

• Advances in Nutrition (2024) - Different Roles of Natural Forms of Vitamin E in Chemoprevention and Treatment of Prostate Cancer

• International Journal of Molecular Science (2023) - Necroptosis Induced by Delta-Tocotrienol Overcomes Docetaxel Chemoresistance in Prostate Cancer Cells

• Cancer Prevention Research (2022) - δ-Tocotrienol is the Most Potent Vitamin E Form in Inhibiting Prostate Cancer Cell Growth and Inhibits Prostate Carcinogenesis in Ptenp−/− Mice

• BMC Cancer (2020) - Upregulation of pERK and c-JUN by γ-tocotrienol and not α-tocopherol are essential to the differential effect on apoptosis in prostate cancer cells

• Free Radical Biology and Medicine (2020) - Mitochondrial functional and structural impairment is involved in the antitumor activity of δ-tocotrienol in prostate cancer cells

• Cell Proliferation (2019) - δ-Tocotrienol induces apoptosis, involving endoplasmic reticulum stress and autophagy, and paraptosis in prostate cancer cells

• International Journal of Molecular Science (2019) - Gamma-Tocotrienol Induces Apoptosis in Prostate Cancer Cells by Targeting the Ang-1/Tie-2 Signalling Pathway

• International Institute of Anticancer Research (2018) - Suppressive Effect of Delta-Tocotrienol on Hypoxia Adaptation of Prostate Cancer Stem-like Cells